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Liposomal clodronate therapy is a very useful drug formulation for treating autoimmune hemolytic anemia. This particular autoimmune disease destroys red blood cells. Usual therapies include the use of corticosteroids and splenectomy, but this one gives very fast and promising results by destroying macrophages.
Clodronate is a member of the family of bisphosphonates. It was first used as a treatment for osteolytic bone diseases. Thanks to its characteristics, now it is effectively used in liposome mediated macrophage suicide technique, for depleting macrophages from different organs and tissues. This targeted therapy is very successful in all previous medical research.
Although clodronate itself wouldn't be able to successfully pass through all cell membranes, using liposomes as the vehicles efficiently solves this problem. Macrophages eagerly eat those liposomes, filling their cells with encapsulated clodronate, until the critical concentration is reached. At this point, they simply destroy themselves.
Besides giving very fast and reliable results, this method has other qualities. The drug is completely non-toxic. It is developed for in vivo use, and once released from the destroyed macrophage cell, it will soon be removed by the kidneys. The drug has extremely short half life once in circulation. Quickly achieved results can be very useful, especially in combination with other therapies.
Of course, this method is successful only if liposomal clodronate reaches the macrophages to destroy. Given the fact that liposomes cannot cross capillary walls, they can destroy the macrophage in the liver, lung, spleen, lymph nodes, joints and peritoneal cavity. If liposomes are adequately administered, they can also destroy macrophages in testis.
Although it is possible to deplete macrophages in vitro, the method is specifically developed for in vivo research. Clodronate released from dead macrophages has very short half-life and will be rapidly removed by the kidneys. In the culture medium, dependent on the composition of the medium, it cannot escape so easily, and it can be partially accumulated by the surrounding cells.
The required temperature for storing and keeping this suspension is 4 degrees of Celsius. It is very important to take a good care about this temperature, and to use the product within a few days. Before using the product, it should reach a room temperature slowly. It means you have to leave it there for some time, and to shake it well before injecting it. Other things to remember are not to freeze the product ever, and not to expose it to temperatures above 30 degrees of Celsius.
Intravenous injection should not be more than 0.1 ml per 10 grams of body weight. For intraperitoneal injection, this volume may be increased considerably. However, the concentration the drug in the aqueous compartments within the liposomes is limited by the solubility of clodronate.
In liposomal clodronate therapy, the macrophage cell is irreversibly damaged and dies by apoptosis. It is recommended to use separate syringes for different animals. Make sure to shake the product well before dividing it in smaller doses. Make sure to clean well the areas where you plan to inject the suspension, to avoid different virus or bacteria contamination.
Clodronate is a member of the family of bisphosphonates. It was first used as a treatment for osteolytic bone diseases. Thanks to its characteristics, now it is effectively used in liposome mediated macrophage suicide technique, for depleting macrophages from different organs and tissues. This targeted therapy is very successful in all previous medical research.
Although clodronate itself wouldn't be able to successfully pass through all cell membranes, using liposomes as the vehicles efficiently solves this problem. Macrophages eagerly eat those liposomes, filling their cells with encapsulated clodronate, until the critical concentration is reached. At this point, they simply destroy themselves.
Besides giving very fast and reliable results, this method has other qualities. The drug is completely non-toxic. It is developed for in vivo use, and once released from the destroyed macrophage cell, it will soon be removed by the kidneys. The drug has extremely short half life once in circulation. Quickly achieved results can be very useful, especially in combination with other therapies.
Of course, this method is successful only if liposomal clodronate reaches the macrophages to destroy. Given the fact that liposomes cannot cross capillary walls, they can destroy the macrophage in the liver, lung, spleen, lymph nodes, joints and peritoneal cavity. If liposomes are adequately administered, they can also destroy macrophages in testis.
Although it is possible to deplete macrophages in vitro, the method is specifically developed for in vivo research. Clodronate released from dead macrophages has very short half-life and will be rapidly removed by the kidneys. In the culture medium, dependent on the composition of the medium, it cannot escape so easily, and it can be partially accumulated by the surrounding cells.
The required temperature for storing and keeping this suspension is 4 degrees of Celsius. It is very important to take a good care about this temperature, and to use the product within a few days. Before using the product, it should reach a room temperature slowly. It means you have to leave it there for some time, and to shake it well before injecting it. Other things to remember are not to freeze the product ever, and not to expose it to temperatures above 30 degrees of Celsius.
Intravenous injection should not be more than 0.1 ml per 10 grams of body weight. For intraperitoneal injection, this volume may be increased considerably. However, the concentration the drug in the aqueous compartments within the liposomes is limited by the solubility of clodronate.
In liposomal clodronate therapy, the macrophage cell is irreversibly damaged and dies by apoptosis. It is recommended to use separate syringes for different animals. Make sure to shake the product well before dividing it in smaller doses. Make sure to clean well the areas where you plan to inject the suspension, to avoid different virus or bacteria contamination.
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